US charges 60 in connection with the Zeus Trojan

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US charges 60 in connection with the Zeus Trojan

US charges 60 in connection with the Zeus Trojan

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


U.S. authorities have charged more than 60 people in connection with the money-stealing Zeus Trojan program, according to the U.S. Department of Justice.

Microsoft's Security Essentials running on 31 million PCs

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


Microsoft's free antivirus software, Security Essentials, has been installed on 31 million PCs in its first year, the company has announced.

E-discovery moves in-house

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


When Jonathan Chow, chief information security officer at NBC Universal, found his department's services in increasing demand, that wasn't necessarily a good thing.

MIT system helps companies recover from network intrusion

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory researchers will next week detail a system they say will make it easier for companies to recover from security intrusions.

ZeuS trojan bank-theft scheme extends to the U.S.

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


More than 60 people will be charged in the U.S. with using the Zeus trojan to steal millions of dollars from U.S. banks as part of a scheme that resulted in similar charges in the U.K. earlier this week.

Santander bank to use Zeus-blocking browser plug-in

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


Santander has become the latest online bank to start using Trusteer's Rapport browser plug-in, one of the few security tools that guarantees to successfully block all current variants of the predatory Zeus Trojan.

BT customers details among those leaked on web

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


BT has been embroiled in the incident that saw the names of 5,300 Sky customers acussed of illegally downloading porn films, leaked on the web following an attack on the website of loaw firm ACS:Law.

Subnet masking

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 06:38 AM PDT





 Subnetting an IP Network is done primarily for better utilization of available IP address space, and routing purpose. Other reasons include better organization, use of different physical media (such as Ethernet, WAN, etc.),  and securing network resources.
A subnet mask enables you to identify the network and node parts of the address. The network bits are represented by the 1s in the mask, and the node bits are represented by the 0s. A logical AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask provides the Network Address.
For example, using our test IP address and the default Class C subnet mask, we get:
192.189.210.078: 1100 0000.1011 1101.1101 0010.0100 1110 Class C IP Address
255.255.255.000: 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.0000 0000 Default Class C subnet mask
 192.189.210.0         1100 0000 1011 1101 1101 0010 0000 0000
As can be seen above, by using and AND operator, we can compute the network portion of an IP address.  The network portion for the IP address given in the above example is 192.189.210.0, and the host portion of the IP address is 078.
Given below is a table that provides binary equivalent of decimal values.  For binary conversion, take first octet of a given IP address (in dotted decimal form), and lookup the binary value. Then take the second octet and lookup the binary value, and so on.
Binary Conversion Table
Decimal Binary Decimal Binary Decimal Binary Decimal Binary
0 0000 0000 64 0100 0000 128 1000 0000 192 1100 0000
1 0000 0001 65 0100 0001 129 1000 0001 193 1100 0001
2 0000 0010 66 0100 0010 130 1000 0010 194 1100 0010
3 0000 0011 67 0100 0011 131 1000 0011 195 1100 0011
4 0000 0100 68 0100 0100 132 1000 0100 196 1100 0100
5 0000 0101 69 0100 0101 133 1000 0101 197 1100 0101
6 0000 0110 70 0100 0110 134 1000 0110 198 1100 0110
7 0000 0111 71 0100 0111 135 1000 0111 199 1100 0111
8 0000 1000 72 0100 1000 136 1000 1000 200 1100 1000
9 0000 1001 73 0100 1001 137 1000 1001 201 1100 1001
10 0000 1010 74 0100 1010 138 1000 1010 202 1100 1010
11 0000 1011 75 0100 1011 139 1000 1011 203 1100 1011
12 0000 1100 76 0100 1100 140 1000 1100 204 1100 1100
13 0000 1101 77 0100 1101 141 1000 1101 205 1100 1101
14 0000 1110 78 0100 1110 142 1000 1110 206 1100 1110
15 0000 1111 79 0100 1111 143 1000 1111 207 1100 1111








16 0001 0000 80 0101 0000 144 1001 0000 208 1101 0000
17 0001 0001 81 0101 0001 145 1001 0001 209 1101 0001
18 0001 0010 82 0101 0010 146 1001 0010 210 1101 0010
19 0001 0011 83 0101 0011 147 1001 0011 211 1101 0011
20 0001 0100 84 0101 0100 148 1001 0100 212 1101 0100
21 0001 0101 85 0101 0101 149 1001 0101 213 1101 0101
22 0001 0110 86 0101 0110 150 1001 0110 214 1101 0110
23 0001 0111 87 0101 0111 151 1001 0111 215 1101 0111
24 0001 1000 88 0101 1000 152 1001 1000 216 1101 1000
25 0001 1001 89 0101 1001 153 1001 1001 217 1101 1001
26 0001 1010 90 0101 1010 154 1001 1010 218 1101 1010
27 0001 1011 91 0101 1011 155 1001 1011 219 1101 1011
28 0001 1100 92 0101 1100 156 1001 1100 220 1101 1100
29 0001 1101 93 0101 1101 157 1001 1101 221 1101 1101
30 0001 1110 94 0101 1110 158 1001 1110 222 1101 1110
31 0001 1111 95 0101 1111 159 1001 1111 223 1101 1111








32 0010 0000 96 0110 0000 160 1010 0000 224 1110 0000
33 0010 0001 97 0110 0001 161 1010 0001 225 1110 0001
34 0010 0010 98 0110 0010 162 1010 0010 226 1110 0010
35 0010 0011 99 0110 0011 163 1010 0011 227 1110 0011
36 0010 0100 100 0110 0100 164 1010 0100 228 1110 0100
37 0010 0101 101 0110 0101 165 1010 0101 229 1110 0101
38 0010 0110 102 0110 0110 166 1010 0110 230 1110 0110
39 0010 0111 103 0110 0111 167 1010 0111 231 1110 0111
40 0010 1000 104 0110 1000 168 1010 1000 232 1110 1000
41 0010 1001 105 0110 1001 169 1010 1001 233 1110 1001
42 0010 1010 106 0110 1010 170 1010 1010 234 1110 1010
43 0010 1011 107 0110 1011 171 1010 1011 235 1110 1011
44 0010 1100 108 0110 1100 172 1010 1100 236 1110 1100
45 0010 1101 109 0010 1101 173 1010 1101 237 1010 1101
46 0010 1110 110 0110 1110 174 1010 1110 238 1110 1110
47 0010 1111 111 0110 1111 175 1010 1111 239 1110 1111








48 0011 0000 112 0111 0000 176 1011 0000 240 1111 0000
49 0011 0001 113 0111 0001 177 1011 0001 241 1111 0001
50 0011 0010 114 0111 0010 178 1011 0010 242 1111 0010
51 0011 0011 115 0111 0011 179 1011 0011 243 1111 0011
52 0011 0100 116 0111 0100 180 1011 0100 244 1111 0100
53 0011 0101 117 0111 0101 181 1011 0101 245 1111 0101
54 0011 0110 118 0111 0110 182 1011 0110 246 1111 0110
55 0011 0111 119 0111 0111 183 1011 0111 247 1111 0111
56 0011 1000 120 0111 1000 184 1011 1000 248 1111 1000
57 0011 1001 121 0111 1001 185 1011 1001 249 1111 1001
58 0011 1010 122 0111 1010 186 1011 1010 250 1111 1010
59 0011 1011 123 0111 1011 187 1011 1011 251 1111 1011
60 0011 1100 124 0111 1100 188 1011 1100 252 1111 1100
61 0011 1101 125 0111 1101 189 1011 1101 253 1111 1101
62 0011 1110 126 0111 1110 190 1011 1110 254 1111 1110
63 0011 1111 127 0111 1111 191 1011 1111 255 1111 1111
Example Question: Which of the following is a Class C IP address?
      A. 10.10.14.118
      B. 135.23.112.57
      C. 191.200.199.199
      D. 204.67.118.54
                         
Correct Answer: D.
Explanation:
 IP addresses are written using decimal numbers separated by decimal points. This is called dotted decimal notation of expressing IP addresses. The different classes of IP addresses is as below:
Class
Format 
Leading Bit  pattern
Network address Range   
Maximum  networks
Maximum hosts     
A
N.H.H.H
 0
 0-126
 127
 16,777,214
B
N.N.H.H   
 10
 128-191
 16,384
 65,534
C
N.N.N.H
 110
 192-223
 2,097,152
 254
Network address of all zeros means "This network or segment".
Network address of all 1s means " all networks", same as hexadecimal of all Fs.
Network number 127 is reserved for loopback tests.
Host (Node) address of all zeros mean "This Host (Node)".
Host (Node) address of all 1s mean "all Hosts (Nodes) " on the specified network.

CCNA, CCNP, MCSA, CCNA Final Exam, All Answer Test Module With 100/100: Subnet masking

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 06:53 AM PDT


CCNA, CCNP, MCSA, CCNA Final Exam, All Answer Test Module With 100/100: Subnet masking: "Subnetting an IP Network is done primarily for better utilization of available IP address space, and routing purpose. ..."

IP Addressing

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 06:18 AM PDT









 An IP address is a unique logical identifier for a node or host connection on an IP network. An IP address is a 32 bit binary number, and represented as 4 decimal values of 8 bits each. The decimal values range from 0 to 255. This is known as "dotted decimal" notation.
Example: 192.189.210.078
It is sometimes useful to view the values in their binary form.
192     .189     .210     .078
11000000.10111101.11010010.1001110
Every IP address consists of network identifier and node identifier. The IP network is divided based on Class of network. The class of network is determined by the leading bits of the IP address as shown below.

Address Classes

There are 5 different address classes. You can determine which class any IP
address is in by examining the first 4 bits of the IP address.
  • Class A addresses begin with 0xxx, or 1 to 126 decimal.
  • Class B addresses begin with 10xx, or 128 to 191 decimal.
  • Class C addresses begin with 110x, or 192 to 223 decimal.
  • Class D addresses begin with 1110, or 224 to 239 decimal.
  • Class E addresses begin with 1111, or 240 to 254 decimal.
Addresses beginning with 01111111, or 127 decimal, are reserved for loopback and for internal testing on a local machine. Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting. Class E addresses are reserved for future use. They should not be used for host addresses.

Now we can see how the Class determines, by default, which part of the IP address belongs to the network (N) and which part belongs to the Host/node (H).

  • Class A: NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH
  • Class B: NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH
  • Class C: NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH
In the example, 192.189.210.078 is a Class C address so by default the Network part of the address (also known as the Network Address) is defined by the first three octets (192.189.210.XXX) and the node part is defined by the last one octets (XXX.XXX.XXX.078).

In order to specify the network address for a given IP address, the node section is set to all "0"s. In our example, 192.189.210.0 specifies the network address for 192.189.210.078. When the node section is set to all "1"s, it specifies a broadcast that is sent to all hosts on the network. 192.189.210.255 specifies the broadcast address.

Private Subnets

There are three IP network addresses reserved for private networks. The addresses are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16. They can be used by anyone setting up internal IP networks, such as an intranet. Internet routers never forward the private addresses over the public Internet.

11 Eastern Europeans charged in UK Zeus bust

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


They worked as Web designers, supermarket workers, day laborers, some were unemployed. But U.K. police say that the group of Eastern Europeans,picked up in early morning raids Tuesday also made millions by operating a network of bank-robbing Trojan horse programs.

In Schmidt's vision, Google will search before you even ask

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


Google CEO Eric Schmidt said the future of search will be autonomous, which means that Google eventually will offer you search results even before you've looked for them.

The InfoWorld expert guide to Windows 7 security

Posted: 30 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


How to configure Microsoft's new Windows operating system to beat malware and keep data secure

MS Security Essentials Soon Free for Small Businesses

Posted: 29 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


Starting early next month, Microsoft Security Essentials, Redmond's anti-malware service for Windows PCs, will be free for small businesses to install on up to 10 PCs.

Apple TV Jailbreak Confirmed; Let the Hacking Begin

Posted: 29 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


Earlier in the month, we reported on rumors that since the Apple TV runs iOS just like as the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch, it should be possible to jailbreak it. But there was no indication if how and if it could seriously be done, due to the Apple TV's limited storage capacity.

Microsoft Strengthens Security for Hotmail

Posted: 29 Sep 2010 09:00 AM PDT


Microsoft is tackling the growing issue of Hotmail account hijacking. Microsoft has introduced new security controls designed to help users better protect Hotmail passwords and recover compromised accounts more easily.